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| 14 Nov 2006 02:49:44 am |
 Cancer In Women With Rare Breast Condition |
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Women whose mammograms reveal a suspicious lesion need a needle biopsy to confirm or rule out cancer. But if that biopsy reveals only abnormal - not cancerous - cells, is a more extensive evaluation necessary?
Yes, suggests a new study by doctors at Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis. They looked at the medical records of women whose initial core-needle breast biopsies found rare, yet non-cancerous breast conditions: atypical lobular hyperplasia (ALH) or lobular carcinoma-in-situ (LCIS). These lesions are known to increase a woman's risk of breast cancer, but what the researchers found was surprising.
Follow-up surgical biopsies in which more breast tissue was removed found that up to 25% of the women actually had cancer in addition to their high-risk breast conditions. Most of the cancers were invasive, meaning the tumors had penetrated normal breast tissue and would require treatment. None of the tumors had spread beyond the breast.
"This is very significant," explains lead author Julie A. Margenthaler, M.D., assistant professor of surgery and a breast surgeon at the Siteman Cancer Center at Washington University School of Medicine and Barnes-Jewish Hospital. "We now know that we can't assume that women with ALH or LCIS are cancer free".
The researchers published their study in the recent issue of The American Journal of Surgery.
LCIS and ALH are known to increase the risk of breast cancer but neither is considered a precancerous condition. Together, they represent only about one percent of all breast lesions, Margenthaler says. "This seems like a small number but with more than 100,000 core-needle breast biopsies performed in the United States each year, the number of potential cancers missed by not doing a more extensive follow-up biopsy is sizeable".
The study included 35 women who received more extensive surgical biopsies after the initial core-needle biopsies showed LCIS or ALH. Core-needle biopsies are performed with local anesthesia and use a hollow needle to remove several small samples of breast tissue that are then examined under a microscope for tell-tale signs of cancer. If the cells are abnormal, a surgical biopsy can be performed immediately. It involves removing the entire suspicious area, along with some of the surrounding, normal tissue, which leaves a small scar.
In the study, core-needle biopsies found LCIS in 16 patients, and follow-up surgical biopsies detected cancer in four of these women. Of the 19 patients initially diagnosed with ALH, surgical biopsies found that three of them had cancer. All but one of the seven cancers was invasive. The researchers noted no difference between those with cancer and those without in terms of age, number of children, hormonal status or previous breast biopsies - all risk factors for breast cancer.
The cancers detected in the current study are tiny, too small to be felt by a woman or her doctor, says senior author Jill R. Dietz, M.D., assistant professor of surgery and a Washington University breast surgeon. "In patients who were ultimately found to have cancer, it is likely that the core-needle biopsy simply missed the cancer cells and instead extracted the non-cancerous cells".
As a comparison, the study also included 61 women whose core-needle biopsies detected a precancerous condition called atypical ductal hyperplasia (ADH). Previous studies have found that many of these women actually have cancer in addition to ADH. Indeed, breast surgeons have for several years routinely recommended that women with ADH routinely undergo more extensive surgical biopsies to look for cancer.
That recommendation was confirmed by the current study. The more extensive surgical biopsies found cancer in 31 percent of the women who were initially diagnosed with ADH from the needle biopsy.
Based on the current study's results, all patients whose initial breast biopsies show LCIS or ALH at Barnes-Jewish Hospital in St. Louis now routinely receive a follow-up surgical biopsy to confirm or rule out cancer. "This is an important shift in the way we approach these patients," Margenthaler says. "In the past, whether women received a more extensive biopsy was often an arbitrary decision, based on the recommendation of the surgeon or the pathologist".
As the number of women getting mammograms continues to increase, and imaging techniques improve, Dietz and Margenthaler say they expect to see a rise in cases of LCIS and ALH. "Knowing that these women should receive more extensive surgical biopsies will have a dramatic effect on our ability to diagnose breast cancer at the earliest stage possible and ensure the women get the treatment they need," Dietz says. |
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Category : Breast cancer treatment
| By : Janet |  Comments [15] |  Trackbacks [0] |
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| 30 Oct 2006 11:26:27 pm |
| Breast Cancer Survivors Have Higher Suicide Rates |
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The burden is not over for breast cancer patients even after the battle with breast cancer is won. A new study suggests that breast cancer survivors have an increased risk committing suicide compared to women in the general population. Survivors of breast cancer have as much as 37 percent increased risk of committing suicide compared to other women and this increased risk of suicide persist for more than 25 years after the diagnosis of breast cancer.
These study findings were published in a recent issue of the Journal of the National Cancer Institute. There have been previous studies on this topic but none have undertaken such a long-term study of the subject and none of the studies included women from the United States of America.
This conclusion is from analysis of a large pool of data involving 723,810 breast cancer survivors who were diagnosed between 1953 and 2001 and were included in population-based cancer registries in the United States and Scandinavia.
The researchers have found that during follow-up through 2002, a total of 836 women committed suicide. Compared with the general population the women with breast cancer had a suicide rate of 4.1 per 100,000 women per year.
Even after a period of 25 years, breast cancer survivors still had a 35 percent increased risk of committing suicide. Suicide rates were higher among African American women, with a 2.88-fold elevated risk. Researchers noted that the risk of committing suicide increases with increasing stage of breast cancer.
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Category : Breast cancer treatment
| By : Janet | Comments [11] | Trackbacks [0] |
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| 08 Oct 2006 11:03:06 pm |
| Cosmetic Outcome Of Lumpectomy |
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Women with breast cancer often undergo a lumpectomy and radiation to save their breasts and avoid the need for additional reconstructive surgery. However, approximately one-third of all patients are unhappy with how their breasts look after undergoing breast conservation treatment and a number of would consider reconstruction, as per a research studypresented today at the American Society of Plastic Surgeons (ASPS) Plastic Surgery 2006 conference in San Francisco.
"I have patients walking into my office saying lumpectomy was supposed to save their breast but what's left doesn't look like a breast to them," said Howard Wang, ASPS Member Surgeon and co-author of the study. "Conservation is thought to bean acceptable way of saving a woman's breast. But a number of of these women are coming to plastic surgeons for help, saying it isn't so".
In the study, 28 percent of the patients with breast cancer stated they were dissatisfied with the cosmetic result of their lumpectomy. Of those patients, 46 percent stated their physical appearance was worse or much worse after the surgery and were considering reconstruction. Only nine percent of patients who were satisfied with the outcome, however, would consider reconstruction if it were offered.
Approximately 26 percent of patients were unhappy with their physical appearance after the lumpectomy but had an improved sense of body image. Plastic surgeons believe this disparity occurred because a number of patients felt relieved to be free of the cancer, leading them to feel better about their bodies even though they were not happy with how their breasts looked.
As per the American Cancer Society, almost 213,000 women will be diagnosed with breast cancer this year. Almost 58,000 women underwent breast reconstruction surgery in 2005, as per ASPS.
"Patients should know their options and understand that just because they undergo a lumpectomy to save their breast does not mean they will be happy with the cosmetic outcome," said Dr. Wang. "Oncologists need to work with patients to help them understand the potential physical outcomes and refer them to a board-certified plastic surgeon to consider all of their choices". |
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Category : Breast cancer treatment
| By : Janet | Comments [12] | Trackbacks [0] |
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| 25 Sep 2006 10:05:59 am |
| Worried About An Abnormal Mammogram? |
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Worried about an abnormal mammogram? Quite understandable, but mammogram abnormality does not mean breast cancer. More important, now what should you do if the mammogram detects an abnormality?
Experts in the field indicate that if an abnormality is detected in the mammogram performing a breast biopsy is the best strategy, for follow up of the abnormality even though there are several other options available.
Breast biopsy is considered to be the standard approach to mammogram abnormality, and recently a report by the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) compared the effectiveness of biopsy, with four other available options. These options includes magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), ultrasound imaging, positron emission tomography (PET) scanning; and scintimammography.
The report convincingly concludes that biopsy is the gold standard; when it comes to the long-term follow up an abnormality that is detected in the mammogram.
Of course biopsy is more invasive, but is a more accurate test and requires sampling of the breast tissue. The removed tissue is analyzed under the microscope using special stain to determine the presence of malignancy.
The four tests mentioned above were not as accurate as a biopsy. These tests missed between 4 percent and 9 percent of breast cancers in women with average risk. The report also suggest that in higher risk women the miss rate would be even higher.
AHRQ report states that, use of MRI missed 38 cancers for every 1,000 women; ultrasound missed 50 tumors for every 1,000 women; and PET scans missed 76 per 1,000 women. Scintimammography, which is a nuclear medicine test method, missed 93 tumors for every 1,000 women.
So bottom line, the good old breast biopsy is the best test to evaluate for any abnormality that was detected by mammogram. |
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Category : Breast cancer treatment
| By : Janet | Comments [13] | Trackbacks [0] |
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| 15 Sep 2006 02:03:52 am |
| Detecting Early Metastasis Of Breast Cancer |
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In the U.S., a novel technology soon may be available to detect the spread, or metastasis, of breast cancer earlier than now possible, as per research presented at the first international meeting on Molecular Diagnostics in Cancer Therapeutic Development, organized by the American Association for Cancer Research.
Since secondary tumors, ignited by spreading cancerous cells, and not the primary breast cancer tumor, are the primary cause of cancer death, early detection of metastatic spread is crucial to a woman's prognosis.
It should enable the patient's doctor to adjust the woman's therapy so that it will target the spreading cancer early, said Winfried H. Albert, Ph.D., chief scientific officer of AdnaGen, the German biotech company that developed the technology.
Albert said that the company's diagnostic tool, which is being reviewed in clinical studies at The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center in Houston, can spot one cancerous cell in a typical blood sample. A typical sample is 5 milliliters and contains over 2.5 x 1010 cells.
As a biomarker for breast cancer metastasis, cancer cells circulating in the blood system have not been easy to detect and analyze because they are a "needle in the haystack" among the millions of cells in the bloodstream.
However, Albert said that AdnaGen's technology can detect the "needle" with a specificity of 97 percent (only three "false" positive results in tests of 100 seemingly healthy people).
"Metastasis commonly is detected by costly, cumbersome physical methods like computer tomography (CT)," added Albert. "We have seen cases, where our test was positive, when there was still no clinical evidence. But at a careful second look through a Computerized axial tomography scan, small metastatic lesions have been detected."
To produce its diagnostic tool, AdnaGen links an antibody-mix to magnetic beads. This antibody-mix is tailored to home in on specific molecular features, or antigens, of the respective cancer cells.
When exposed to a blood sample, the magnetic antibody-beads capture tumor cells possessing the specified antigens. A magnetic particle concentrator then removes the tumor cells labeled with the magnetic beads, and the cells are then analyzed to identify several gene products, including potential molecular targets for a specific drug.
Using this technology, AdnaGen discovered that the genetic signatures of the breast cancer and its metastases may differ, with the circulating tumor cells reflecting the gene expression profile of the metastases.
When a metastases has been diagnosed, therapys "commonly has been chosen as per the features of the primary tumor, neglecting the fact that metastases can differ considerably from them," Albert noted.
AdnaGen, which is marketing its breast cancer assay (as well as assays for colon and prostate cancer) in Europe, is awaiting the results of a clinical trial before applying for FDA approval to make the test available in the U.S.
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Category : Breast cancer treatment
| By : Janet | Comments [2] | Trackbacks [0] |
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| 28 Aug 2006 09:38:07 am |
| Bisphenol A And Breast Cancer |
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Image courtesy of www.rohmhaas.com
Bisphenol A, a common industrial chemical claimed to speed the growth of human breast and ovary cancers, retains its carcinogenic properties even after being modified by body processes, report Indiana University and University of California at Berkeley researchers in the Aug. 28th issue of Chemistry and Biology, a Cell Press journal.
Defenders of bisphenol A's use have argued that its natural modification inside the human body renders the estrogen-like chemical harmless.
"We tested whether this chemical modification -- the addition of sulfate to BPA -- keeps the chemical from being absorbed by breast tumor cells," said IU Bloomington biochemist Theodore Widlanski, who led the project. "We've shown that modified versions of bisphenol A likely to be formed in the body do stimulate breast tumor cell growth in vitro. Enzymes present on the surface of breast tumor cells appear to convert the modified BPA back into BPA".
BPA is a plasticizer present at low levels in mineral water bottles, CDs and DVDs, car parts and other household products. A recent U.S. Center for Disease Control and Prevention study found trace amounts of BPA in 95 percent of urine samples collected from American adults.
The scientists present a model for the selective uptake of BPA into breast cancer cells by implicating human enzymes that sulfate and de-sulfate BPA.
One of those enzymes, estrogen sulfotransferase, adds sulfate to estrogen, making the molecule water soluble and easily transportable through the bloodstream. Widlanski's collaborators showed that BPA, too, can be sulfated by estrogen sulfotransferase.
Breast cancer cells are known to overproduce an enzyme that other, healthier cells don't -- aryl sulfatase C. Aryl sulfatase C removes sulfate from estrogen, allowing the hormone's absorption into cells. In the present Chemistry and Biology paper, Widlanski's group shows aryl sulfatase C can also de-sulfate BPA, and that the concentration of non-sulfated BPA inside breast cancer cells goes up when the cells are grown in a medium containing sulfated BPA.
That human enzymes are capable of the sulfation and desulfation of BPA suggests breast cancer cells are a lightning rod not only for natural estrogen, but for BPA too, Widlanski said.
Widlanski cautions those who would misinterpret the results of the study.
"We have not shown this process takes place in vivo," he said. "We have only demonstrated a possible mechanism that explains what people have been speculating about for years. It doesn't mean that your bottled water is any less safe today than it was yesterday. It just means that if it isn't safe, we might be able to explain why".
Widlanski said that he has always been a skeptic of claims that BPA causes or speeds the development of cancer and birth defects. "All along we set out to show the opposite -- that BPA is not harmful. If any of the answers to our questions had been 'no,' then we would have concluded BPA was not dangerous. But we can't do that, or we can't do it yet".
The scientists subjected cancer cells and enzymes to extremely high concentrations of BPA and BPA derivatives -- levels not ordinarily experienced by human beings. Widlanski said his group did this in order to simulate the cumulative effects of low BPA concentrations of the course of a human lifetime.
"If our hypothesis is true about BPA, it's probably going to be the sum of effects of a lot of cancer-causing compounds that is responsible for the disease," Widlanski said. "We would not anticipate that BPA or any other single chemical is the only culprit here". |
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Category : Breast cancer treatment
| By : Janet | Comments [3] | Trackbacks [0] |
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| 12 Aug 2006 11:21:51 am |
| Changing Life Style For Breast Cancer Survivors |
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Breast cancer survivors' beliefs about what may have caused their cancer are connected to whether they make healthy changes in lifestyle after a cancer diagnosis. This is the finding of a research study appearing in the August 2006 issue of Psycho-Oncology by scientists at The Miriam Hospital and Brown Medical School.
"We observed that breast cancer survivors who believed that an unhealthy behavior - such as consuming an unhealthy diet, contributed to their cancer - were more likely to say that they had changed that behavior since their diagnosis," says lead author Carolyn Rabin, PhD, a psychology expert at The Miriam Hospital's Centers for Behavioral and Preventive Medicine. "Likewise, breast cancer survivors who believed that a healthy behavior- such as consuming a healthy diet, could ward off a cancer recurrence - were more likely to say that they had adopted that behavior since their diagnosis".
Due to advances in detection and therapy, there are now more than 10 million Americans who are cancer survivors, as per the American Cancer Society. However, scientists have still not determined why some cancer survivors are motivated by a cancer diagnosis to make healthy changes in lifestyle, while others are not. This question prompted the study by scientists at The Miriam Hospital and Brown Medical School.
The scientists cite evidence from past studies indicating that a number of cancer survivors are not leading healthy lifestyles ƒ{ 50 percent of breast cancer survivors consume fewer than the recommended five servings of fruits and vegetables per day, 23 percent consume more than 30 percent of their calories from fat, and 28 to 43 percent lead sedentary lifestyles. In addition, more than 50 percent of cancer survivors who smoked previous to diagnosis continue to smoke.
"Adopting a healthy lifestyle is an important strategy for cancer survivors since, in addition to a cancer recurrence, they may be at increased risk for the developing other medical problems, such as cardiac or pulmonary disease, as a result of their cancer therapy. The goal of this study was to develop a better understanding of why a cancer diagnosis appears to serve as an impetus for some survivors to adopt healthy behaviors, while others do not," says Rabin.
Scientists assessed breast cancer survivors within three months of the survivor completing all surgery, chemotherapy, and/or radiation therapy for cancer and a second time three months later. Study participants completed measures assessing beliefs about the cause of their cancer; beliefs about behavioral strategies that may reduce the chance of cancer recurrence; diet, exercise, smoking, and alcohol consumption; and any changes in health practices since their cancer diagnosis.
Findings indicated that survivors who believed that unhealthy diet, insufficient exercise or alcohol consumption contributed to their cancer were more likely to modify the relevant behavior. The most robust relationship between beliefs and behavior change was found for changes in diet.
"This study suggests that cancer survivors develop their own understanding of the causes of their cancer and the behavior changes that may prevent recurrence, and then take an active problem-solving approach to help reduce risk of a future cancer," says co-author Bernardine Pinto, PhD, a psychology expert at The Miriam Hospital's Centers for Behavioral and Preventive Medicine.
Given the role of health behavior changes in reducing medical risks, these findings have important implications for maintaining the health of cancer survivors. The authors note, however, that even though survivors' beliefs about what caused their cancer may prompt healthy changes in lifestyle, these beliefs may not be accurate.
"This research highlights the important role that survivors' beliefs about their disease have in their life post-cancer diagnosis. Ultimately, we hope that cancer survivors will take a holistic approach to maintaining their health so that they do not dismiss an opportunity to make a healthy lifestyle change. Behavior modification may not impact their chance of a cancer recurrence, but can help reduce other serious medical risks," says Rabin. |
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Category : Breast cancer treatment
| By : Janet | Comments [19] | Trackbacks [0] |
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| 10 Aug 2006 10:09:07 am |
| Genes As Predictors Of Breast Cancer |
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Breast cancer researchers at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill have identified a number of activity patterns in the genes of individual tumors that make them biologically different from others. These findings could provide valuable clinical information such as how likely the tumors are to be invasive, how well they might respond to different treatments and how likely they are to recur or spread.
Currently, doctors treating patients with breast cancer make treatment decisions and predictions based largely on the location and size of the tumor and if the cancer has spread, or metastasized, to lymph nodes and distant sites of the body.
But not all patients who are similar in terms of these clinical indicators get the same benefits from treatment.
These new findings could remedy that situation. Such differences in gene activity may be used as biomarkers to identify which treatments can be individually matched.
Over the past five years, gene expression profiles have been identified that appear to be predictive for cancer patients, especially for breast cancer patients. But these tests show very little overlap in their gene lists, and thus it is not known just how distinct these different assays might be.
According to Dr. Charles M. Perou, assistant professor of genetics and pathology at the UNC School of Medicine and a member of the UNC Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, some of the predictive assays are available commercially and others are under study in clinical trials in which treatment decisions, including whether or not to use chemotherapy, are being made based on them.
"An important and unanswered question, however, is whether these assays actually disagree or agree concerning outcome predictions for the individual patient," Perou said. "I think this is a very important point because if they disagree then it becomes difficult to determine which to use and when, and which are more robust and helpful".
To compare the individual predictions made by these different genomic tests, Perou and his colleagues at UNC and at The Netherlands Cancer Institute in Amsterdam, The Netherlands, studied the concordance of five different predictors that were all applied to a single data set of 295 tumor samples for which patient survival data was available - relapse-free survival and overall survival.
Writing in the Aug. 10 issue of the New England Journal of Medicine, the researchers note that four predictors showed "significant agreement" in their outcome predictions on individual breast cancer patients, despite having little gene overlap. Of the three predictors showing the greatest concordance, two were the main assays that are commercially available and being used to guide clinical trials.
"If one assay said this patient was going to do poorly, then so did the other two," Perou said, noting that although the two commercial assays overlapped each other only by one gene, they were in 80 percent agreement with each other.
"This is good news for breast cancer patients. It means that different groups have independently arrived at tests which agree with each other and that they all do add information not provided by existing clinical tests," Perou said.
For example, several of the predictors in this study appear to predict the likelihood of breast cancer recurrence in various populations of women with node-negative disease.
Such information would be useful for identifying women who are unlikely to experience recurrence and, thus, potentially unlikely to benefit from chemotherapy.
"We find our results encouraging and interpret them to mean that although different gene sets are being used, they are each tracking a common set of biological characteristics that are present across different breast cancers and are making similar outcome predictions," Perou said. |
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Category : Breast cancer treatment
| By : Janet | Comments [6] | Trackbacks [0] |
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| 04 Aug 2006 03:07:57 am |
| DNA damage and breast cancer |
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Scientists from the Pacific Northwest Research Institute (PNRI) and the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) have uncovered a pattern of DNA damage in connective tissues in the human breast that could shed light on the early stages of breast cancer and possibly serve as an early warning of a heightened risk of cancer.
In the United States, breast cancer is the second leading cause of cancer-related death in women. Breast cancer detection and treatment generally target epithelial cells, the primary locus of breast cancers, but in recent years evidence has accumulated that genetic mutations that develop into cancer may occur initially in a deeper layer of breast tissue, called the stroma. Genetic changes in this connective tissue that supports the breast's network of glands and ducts have been reported to precede the cancerous conversion of tumor cells, but the actual role of stromal cells in the early stages of breast cancer initiation and progression is not well understood.
In two recent papers*, the PNRI/NIST team explored the occurrence of damage to stromal DNA caused by free radicals and other oxidants. NIST scientists used a high-precision chemical analysis technique (liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry with isotope dilution) to identify specific DNA lesions, while the PNRI team used a spectroscopic technique (Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy) to reveal subtle conformational changes to DNA base and backbone structures. Such alterations to the molecular structure can change or disrupt gene expression.
The team identified a unique oxidation-induced lesion in the DNA of breast epithelium, myoepithelium and stroma and observed that the highest concentrations of this lesion tended to occur in women in the 33- to 46-years age group, a bracket that corresponds to a known rise in the occurence rate of breast cancer. In a second paper, the team studied age-related concentrations of two similar mutagenic DNA lesions and again demonstrated that their occurrence is roughly commensurate with the age at which the occurence rate of female breast cancer rises. "Collectively," they observe, "the findings reveal that the structural changes in DNA described may potentially disrupt normal reciprocal interactions between the cell types, thus increasing breast cancer risk." The findings suggest that lesions measured in the DNA of the stroma, which is readily obtained, may prove to be convenient and sensitive biomarkers for assessing oxidative DNA damage and for signaling an increased breast cancer risk. |
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Category : Breast cancer treatment
| By : Janet | Comments [4] | Trackbacks [0] |
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| 25 Jul 2006 09:44:37 am |
| Breast Stem Cell Secrets |
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The most aggressive form of breast cancer may originate from breast stem cells that have undergone genetic mishaps.
Victorian Breast Cancer Research Consortium researchers from The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute, using mouse models, have discovered that breast stem cells do not express receptors for the female hormones oestrogen or progesterone. These and other features of the stem cell resemble the aggressive 'basal' subtype of breast cancer. There is increasing evidence that breast cancer is not simply a single disease. Researchers now view breast cancer as a heterogeneous disease, made up of various subtypes. This observation has led to speculation that breast tumours are derived from different cell types that could include the breast stem cell or its descendents that have suffered genetic accidents.
This possibility has generated great interest in understanding the composition of normal breast cells including the stem cell. A question of particular interest is whether the breast stem cell expresses receptors for oestrogen and progesterone and the marker 'Her2', since these help define the subtypes of breast cancer; and also guide current approaches to treatment.
The WEHI team, together with the Eaves group in Vancouver, have observed that the breast stem cell in mice is 'triple negative' for oestrogen, progesterone and Her2 receptors but does express certain 'basal cell' markers. These characteristics also define the basal subtype of breast cancer, which is more usually seen in tumours that develop in women who are carriers of the breast cancer predisposing gene BRCA1.
These findings support prior speculation that breast stem cells, or very early descendents, are the cells from which basal tumours arise. Dr Visvader, who led the team effort with Dr Lindeman at WEHI, said, "This finding made by Marie-Liesse Asselin-Labat in our lab reinforces the need to understand the normal biology of the breast stem cell. Our hope is that this kind of research could in the long-term lead to the identification of new therapeutic targets against breast cancer, especially the basal subtype." Currently drugs such as Tamoxifen, the aromatase inhibitors or Herceptin are ineffective against basal tumours and chemotherapy is the only option.
Dr Lindeman, who is also an oncologist at the Royal Melbourne Hospital, said that their team's findings will now be extended using excised human breast tissue and tumours. "We are fortunate that the Royal Melbourne Hospital campus is strongly committed to this type of translational research. Our hope is that this will lead to better cancer outcomes from a disease that strikes one in 11 Australian women." The team findings appear in the 19 July 2006 issue of the Journal of the National Cancer Institute. |
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Category : Breast cancer treatment
| By : Janet | Comments [17] | Trackbacks [0] |
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